Mission The Ntionl cdemy of Sciences (NS) is privte, non-profit society of distinguished scholrs. Estblished by n ct of Congress, signed by President brhm Lincoln in 1863, the NS is chrged with providing independent, objective dvice to the ntion on mtters relted to science nd technology. Scientists re elected by their peers to membership in the NS for outstnding contributions to reserch. The NS is committed to furthering science in meric, nd its members re ctive contributors to the interntionl scientific community. Nerly 500 members of the NS hve won Nobel Prizes, nd the Proceedings of the Ntionl cdemy of Sciences, founded in 1914, is tody one of the premier interntionl journls publishing the results of originl reserch. The Ntionl cdemy of Engineering (NE) nd the the Ntionl cdemy of Medicine (NM, formerly the Institute of Medicine) — were founded under the NS chrter in 1964 nd 1970, respectively. The three cdemies work together s the Ntionl cdemies of Sciences, Engineering, nd Medicine to provide independent, objective nlysis nd dvice to the ntion nd conduct other ctivities to solve complex problems nd inform public policy decisions. The cdemies lso encourge eduction nd reserch, recognize outstnding contributions to knowledge, nd increse public understnding in mtters of science, engineering, nd medicine. The cdemies’ service to government hs become so essentil tht Congress nd the White House hve issued legisltion nd executive orders over the yers tht reffirm its unique role.
